Human Rights Watch notes that another two countries, Benin and the Central African Republic, do not outlaw homosexuality, but have certain laws which discriminate against homosexual individuals. Out of the 54 states recognised by the United Nations or African Union or both, the International Gay and Lesbian Association stated in 2015 that homosexuality is outlawed in 34 African countries. With the exception of South Africa and Cape Verde, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender ( LGBT) rights in Africa are limited in comparison to the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. Same-sex marriage constitutionally banned in 9 out of 54 countries Allowed to serve openly in 1 out of 54 countries
